System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System Analysis - Essay Example Use cases can be used for almost every kind of project for the reason that they are cooperative in providing information about planning related issues and requirements of the project. Thus, in the beginning of a project the majority use cases should be defined, however as the project carries on more capacity turns out to be noticeable. In simple words, the basic purpose of use case diagram is to recognize the major elements and procedures that make up the system. These major elements are recognized as "actors" and the procedures are known as "use cases." In this scenario, the use case diagram demonstrates which actors relate with each use case (Braun et al., 2011) and (Chitnis et al., 2003). Use Case Diagram of WBF Ltd rental system B- Use case description The process of defining the overall use case along with main aspects of interactions between the system and the users is known as use case description. In the scenario of system development, the main purpose of use case description is to explain overall procedures in addition to aspects those are demonstrated in the diagram so that the viewer can have better overview of the interactions and processes (Sommerville, 2004) and (Pressman, 2001). Rental Process Use case description Use case Description This use case describes the process of film rental for customer. In this scenario a customer places a request for the film. In case film is available then customer provides his personal details. After recording customer details system stores the system film rental information and processes payment information. After payment processing system delivers the receipt to the customer. Precondition/s In order to process film rental request there is a precondition for the availability of the film in stock. If the required film is available in the film stock then the system processes the film rental request. Post condition/s For the successful completion of the overall rental process, there is a need to implement a proper ap proach for processing the payment of customer. After receiving payment from the customer, system carries out the rental requests as well as provides it by saving customer and film information and delivering the payment receipt. Steps I have outlined below some of the main steps for the overall process of film rental case: Customer requests for renting a film Customer selects the desired movie Customer provides personal details Customer pays the required cost of film he wants to take on rent System saves information System delivers receipt Assuming that the customer has chosen the film and it is available to rent out, produce a step-by-step use case description for the use case ‘Check out Film’ in WBF Ltd rental system using an appropriate template/format that should include: C- Role of class diagram Class diagrams are the foundation of object-oriented design and analysis. Class diagrams demonstrate the classes of the main system that we are going to develop, their invol vements (comprising aggregation, inheritance as well as relationship), and the characteristics and processes of the classes. Moreover, class diagrams are used to carry out a broad range of functions, such as together domain/abstract modeling and comprehensive design

Health Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Project management - Essay Example After the determination of the main agenda, preliminary steps prior to implementation are undertaken such as the gathering of the tools and resources required in every aspect of administration and implementation of the objectives. After this, the planning phase required prior to implementation is needed. In the said phase the specific schedule of the actions are indicated (Dwyer, Stanton and Thiessen, 2004). The culmination of the said phases is the implementation phase where the skills of the personnel, the leadership of the head and the teamwork and cooperation of the different units and members are crucial to the success of the project and the attainment of the goals and missions. The said factors are very crucial in the implementation of the health project since governance can make or break the goals of the project. If any of the said factors fail, the whole system is affected. Facing project scope creep can be considered as a common phenomenon in the process of project implementation. This is a common case based on the fact that the plans are made and implemented by human being. Scope creep is defined as the ‘low-key’ incremental changes upon project implementation (Melton and Iles-Smith, 2009, p.118). There are different issues related to scope creep such as requirements creep, feature creep and instruction creep. Requirements creep can be related to the changes in the scope of requirements due to the changes or variation in the disposition of the end user. In a health project, it can be related to the procedures required for a particular case, patient or project. The feature creep on the other hand is related to the unforeseen features that can arise in the development of the project. These issues are often originating from the people implementing the project on the basis of the view to improve services. This is important to uphold the quality

Company That Change The World Media Essay

Company That Change The World Media Essay Today, the companys worth exceeds RM200 millions, with a turnover of around US1.6 billion and employed more than 1500 staffs. Karangkrafs business was started by publishing their first magazine publication, Mingguan Kanak-Kanak in a little shop lot in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. They sold more than 150,000 copies every week during that time. This is when people realized that Karangkraf is a publishing house that was different. With constant demand of printed reading material from readers in Malaysia, during year 1990, the company started to enter commercial printing business with the opening of Ultimate Print Sdn Bhd and Dasar Cetak Sdn Bhd to provide printing services for Karangkrafs products. By then, with their own printing divisions, Karangkraf started to publish books and novels under its Alaf 21 and Karya Bestari imprints. In year 2006, Karangkraf take a big step by publishing own daily newspaper called Sinar Harian . However, Sinar Harian actually is not the first daily publish by Karangkraf. During the 80s, Karangkraf publish a daily tabloid on entertainment and politics called Ekslusif. But the tabloid had to shut down as government refused to renew the publishing permit. With persistent and bravery shown by Dato Hussamuddin, finally Karangkraf received permit to publish a daily newspaper that known to be unconventional, transparent and ready to publish what others will avoided. This motto is the reason Sinar Harian becoming the number one local newspaper in Malaysia. As years passing by, Kumpulan Karangkraf becomes larger and bigger in terms of size and volume. Then the company takes step in year 2010, with incorporation of Kumpulan Media Karangkraf as the parent company to replace Kumpulan Karangkraf to monitor the four core business divisions: magazines, newspaper, books, printing and digital each managed by its own team of management. 1.2 The Divisions Grup Majalah Karangkraf (Magazine Business) currently is publishing 29 titles of magazines throughout Malaysia that cover different genres for different age and gender. In terms of market share, Karangkraf has taken over about 50% of total magazine market in Malaysia. The magazine division accounts for 30% to 40% of Karangkraf revenue. Grup Buku Karangkraf (Book Division) has published more than a thousand books over the past 10 years. This division currently publishes average of twenty titles monthly to meet the demand of Malaysian readers. The book division contributes about 10% of Karangkraf turnover. Grup Sinar Karangkraf (Newspaper Division) publishes daily local national newspaper, Sinar Harian in the Peninsular of Malaysia. Sinar Harian has eight different editions to supply local news to different regions in the country. The division contributes about 10% to 15% of group revenue. Grup Percetakan Ultimate (Printing Division) is division that contributes nearly 40% of Karangkraf revenue, also is the largest commercial printers in Malaysia. Ultimate Print Sdn Bhd does not only commit to print Karangkrafs publications but also has a big reputation in printing business for having most of major clients such as Sony and Panasonic. Grup Digital Karangkraf (Digital Division) is the latest group in the company. This division was created to engage in digital business and to provide digital reading materials. 1.3 Geographic Market Forty years ago, when Karangkraf has only started, the founder was target to build business within Malaysia as during that time, reading materials were dull and uninspiring. With constant determination to inspire Malaysian to read more and to uphold Malay language, now Karangkraf is one of the biggest publishing groups in Malaysia and it is the largest Malay language publisher. Kumpulan Media Karangkraf Sdn Bhd builds their head quarter in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia which is the head office to all the divisions except for printing division. This head office held most of the staffs such as editors, graphic designers, reporters, and photographers and also the place where books, magazines and newspapers been published. Most photo shoots for their magazines are held in here. Authors of books and novels will send their work to editors here for editing before send to printing division for printing process. For Ultimate Print Sdn Bhd, they have their own office and printing factory nearb y and also in Shah Alam. With skills workers and advance machines, Ultimate Print capable to print 2 million copies monthly. As for newspaper division, this group also has sub offices in different states; Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Johor, Pahang, Pulau Pinang, Kedah, Melaka and Negeri Sembilan, according to the state of the Sinar Harian edition. These sub offices are for the editors and reporters to prepare and supply local news faster to the community in the area. Karangkraf currently only publishes their publications in Malay language. Malay language is national language in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia and one of official languages in Singapore. Thus, for the past years, their target customers are only limited to these regions. However, with the fast and advance technology of internet and gadgets nowadays, they have started their digital group division to make their magazines and newspaper available online. Karangkraf already have started to provide purchase services via online to simplify customer to buy and subscribe to Karangkraf publications. With their establish brand, Karangkraf also have explored the need to translate their books and magazines into different languages to get through demand from international readers. 2.0 PRODUCT OF KARANGKRAF; MALAY LANGUAGE NOVEL 2.1 Introduction of Malay Language Novel Publication in Karangkraf The Karangkrafs book division is the collaboration of three publication subsidiaries called Alaf 21, Buku Prima and Karya Bestari. On April 1997, Alaf 21 was born and this is the start point of books business under Karangkrafs wings. Alaf 21 now is known as an establish publisher of Malay language fiction novels. Biofoto Raihan is the first publication under Alaf 21 and started from that, Alaf 21 keep on producing quality reading materials for readers. Alaf 21 also produces motivational, recipe and craft work books. With more than three hundred supplier agents around Malaysia, the market for their books also covers Singapore, Brunei and individuals around the world. 2.2 Type of Good Novels are classified into monopolistic competitive market where there were many firms in the market but the products are differentiated products. Because each novel is unique so the publishers are rather price makers rather than price takers. The cost to reprint additional copy is actually much less than the price of the novel itself. Example, price of a novel by Alaf21 is RM19.90, but the cost to reprint another copy is not RM19.90, it is actually much less than RM4 per copy for normal size paperback novel. Thus, the price is higher than marginal cost which fulfils monopolistic competition case. Other than that, Karangkrafs novels can be specified as a normal good as it is positively related to income because when income increases, quantity demanded followed increases and vice versa. This statement is according to mini survey that was held by our group to loyal novels readers. From 23 respondents, 21 of respondents said that if the price was increased, they will still buy but with quantity less than before. They will limit to novels that received good reviews or certain writers only and not just any novels from the shelf. But if the price is unchanged and their income increased because of bonuses or increments, all of them agreed that they will spend more on novels. As quantity demand and income move in same direction, Karangkraf novels have positive income elasticities (elasticity > 0). At some times, publishers will lowered price of some novel when customer pre-order the novel before it hits the store. The sales revenue of that particular novel will increase resulting from increasing of quantity demanded by customers. Thus, this product agrees with Law of Demand. This is an example for novel titled Adam dan Hawa. After the drama series adapted from the novel screened on television, Karangkraf reprinted the novel and gives lower price of RM16.92 each for readers whom pre-order via online instead of normal price RM19.90 each in the stores. This discounted price got encouraging responses from readers and also the television series fans and has increased the sales of that novel. 2.3 Demand of the Product The brand of Karangkraf and Alaf 21 are well known to Malay language novels lovers. The quality of the novels published has been established and trusted with over forty years of experiences in publication. With new technology and now more substitutes reading materials available in the internet or online, worldwide publication companies had decreasing in quantity demanded of printed reading materials. However, Karangkraf still experienced increasing in profits in their printed publications. Many factors could be the reason of this event such as increasing of income, the trusted Karangkrafs brand or Karangkrafs good marketing strategy. This also shown that the demand of Karangkrafs products did not affected by the substitutes or competitors. Recently, the drama of Adam dan Hawa was screened on television is adapted from the novel by Alaf 21. The popularity of the drama series has causing the same titled novel has increase in the number of sales and the demand for the novel also increasing tremendously. Even though this novel was published on 2005 but the impact of the drama make the quantity demanded for the novel increases. Although there still no exact figure of profits Karangkraf received with this phenomena as the drama still in running on television. With that kind of special attentions were given to a novel, Alaf 21 has reprinted the novel to fulfil the demand and the price of the novel in bookstore is still the same with other title. Another factor that can affect the increasing demand is 1Malaysia book voucher worth RM250 that were given to students. By receiving this voucher the students whom mostly are teenagers tend to spend it for novels than textbooks. This is because one of the major populations who read novel is teenagers or students. Besides education book, novel will be apart as their reading material in a leisure time and for entertainment purpose. 2.4 Target Market Novel is a fictional narrative to represent some characters and usually a plot in different genres such as romances, actions, thrillers or mysteries. Different types of genres attract different group of population. Karangkraf is a publisher that aims all types of generations and genders. This statement can be supported by the types of novel that Karangkraf publishes; love, teenager love, family love, thriller, Islamic and nostalgia. Focusing on Alaf 21 publications, they have more inclination towards publishing romances fictions or chic-lit. So their target markets are women above 20 years old. Karangkraf has stated that romance novels which dominate the Malay book market are mostly read by women above 35 years of age. As for Buku Prima, they are more focusing on publishing lighter content novel and give moral values towards reader. So their target markets are teenagers below 20 years old and also children. Karya Bestari is a publisher for religion or Islamic books and their target m arket are Muslims of all ages. 2.5 Special Characteristics There are a lot of novels published by Alaf 21 become phenomenal to novel fans such as Ombak rindu, Adam dan Hawa, Bicara Hati and Kasih Yang Suci. All this novels are either was adapted into a movie or into a drama series shown by television; hence it increases the commercial value of the novels. This is actually a marketing strategy that now makes Alaf 21 and also Karangkraf, the trusted brands in creative fiction. The impact is that the readers will always waiting for new published novel as they already have confident with the quality and satisfaction in reading of Alaf 21 novels. 2.6 Competitors and Substitutes There are few competitors of publishers in Malay language novel in Malaysia such as Karyaseni Enterprise and Kaki Novel Sdn Bhd. Karyaseni was started their business on 2006 from web based homepage named Penulisan2u.my by collecting short story and novel submitted by authors around the country. They realized the demand and important of printed novels thus Karyaseni as a publication company was born on 2011. Kaki Novel started their publishing Malay language novel on 2005. Both of these publishers are considered very new in this industry while Karangkraf is the pioneer with no peers during their first started. Novel can be said as an entertainment source for reader by giving excitement and fun and sometimes valuable information and moral values to the reader. Reading novel can be sort of a hobby to some people. In the market, there are a lot of substitutes for novel such as comics, magazines, internet, television and other source that can give entertainment to people. Karangkraf must have a good marketing strategy to distinguish from other competitors and substitutes to keep on survive, gain demand and profits. Karangkraf also achieve a competitive advantage as their  business position better within the business environment. They have an advantage in operational effectiveness as Karangkraf have their own printing company. Also with Karangkraf own printing company, novel by Karangkraf is not expensive in the market as they already cut cost in that department. This may attempt to increase quality, productivity, and employees and customers satisfaction with the company. 2.7 Marketing Strategy Karangkraf always involve their writers and authors during launch ceremony of their creations and turning their authors into celebrity. Book signing activity is the usual agenda during the launch of the novel to introduce the author and keep a good relationship between the authors and readers. By that, authors will have loyal fans that will always waiting for new novel by their favourite author. Karangkraf keep on exposing the good and creative creation of their authors for adaptation by directors that will turn the novel into motion pictures. This positive relationship between Production Company and Karangkraf had shown the quality of products by Karangkraf. The novels of Karangkraf that turn into movies and dramas always received high ratings or become a box office movie. The writers will receive royalty and this is a good encouragement towards other writers to keep on giving a creative product and different from others. Karangkraf need to do a lot of promotions to promote their products as well as their writers. Karangkraf take action by always conduct their own book carnivals, Pesta Buku Karangkraf to introduce all of their products in one place. During the events, discounts were given to attract more buyers. Karangkraf also have considered more of their products to be available online to attract more young reader and also the needs of translation into different languages to promote their products outside Malay language regions. Karangkraf also established a web called karangkraf mall whereas a customers may purchase karangkraf product online. The web is very user friendly and makes the process of purchasing easier to the customer. This is an innovation strategy that provides them a competitive advantage. Karangkraf always give great attention and hard work to design their cover page despite the idiom Do not judge the book by its cover, but with attractive design on the cover will capture the buyers eyes from many books in the market. 3.0 CONCLUSION With over forty years of experience in publication, Karangkraf keep on producing a quality product that can be trusted. As a market leader, Karangkraf have their speciality and strength to focuses on what the customer wants from company and how to provide that. They also are able to provide products that are different and offer different features than the competitors. With cost operational advantage they will perform the business activities better and maximize the profit.

The Government Census Should NOT Focus on Race :: social issues

The Government Census Should NOT Focus on Race Lets be honest, does it really matter what race you are? I mean does it really matter where you come from? The color of your skin, the culture and value you carry. Unless you are oppressing one race to feel good about yourself, Why should race matter. The fact is, It shouldn’t matter as long as you are honest and is respectful to others. I’m sure that some of us have experienced this to some extent: When you make a friend who is from a different race, do you still classify him or her as black, white, tall or short, Fat or skinny, someone with long hair or short, Or someone with no legs on a wheel chair, Old or young? No! You don’t, although you might think of these every now and than, you don’t constantly think about these things. If someone constantly thinks about them, for me it means that there is something I dislike about it, and in either case I would probably end the relation anyway. It is for this exact reason that I don’t believe that race should not play a huge role, if any, in our society. When the Government Census is surveying Americans, although this is not the intention of the survey, its definitely not doing me the favor of having to categorizing me â€Å"race†. Many assumption and problems can arise from categorizing society by race, such as stereotyping, obstacles to job qualification and disruptions of peace in society. I realize the need for differentiation and diversity; after all it is what makes each and one us very unique and fascinating. However, I’m not suggesting that we should all fall for the â€Å"melting pot† ideology either, But simply to have an open mind and see our selves as an American, and not categorize each other for any reason. For instance, if something is forgotten we wouldn’t think about it right! Discrimination works somewhat the same way; if the issue of race is constantly being raised as factor to everything we do in society, then people will instinctually differentiate or learn to discriminate against one another. Since discrimination is something taught or experienced and not inherited, society can learn to avoid stereotyping and discrimination among each other- by letting go of old ideals and mythology. For instance, when I came to America years ago. I could go anywhere and talk to anyone I pleased in the whole city.

Case Study Jane

After reading about Jane I have learned she associates fear with love due to events earlier in her life. No matter how hard Jane tried to impress her father she was never good enough. As Jane grows older her father no longer hits her but instead uses money as his form of abuse. As you read you learn that she later marries a man who displays the same behaviors as her father. Jane forgives him because she associates this behavior as love. Unless Jane recalls what her aunt tried to associate love with she will continue to let herself be preyed on by both her father and her husband. As a result if Jane continues to live the way she is Jane’s unborn child will most likely be a submissive woman or an abusive man. Through the cognitive perspective we see that Jane thinks of the behaviors displayed by her father as love. As time goes on she appears makes little to no effort to change her thought. Because for so long she has thought that these actions are displays of love. Which in turns Jane allows her husband to do the same things as her father did through out her life, because she believes it to be a display of love. Through the behavioral perspective we see that Jane’s likely to continue to forgive her father and husband for there abuse. In turn she is rewarded with money in most cases. This could be the cause of her behavioral actions following the abuse, because she knows she will continue to receive money from her abusers. Through the psychodynamic perspective we learn that Jane’s childhood greatly impacted her life as an adult allowing the same situations to continue even after she has moved away from her father. This causing her to allow her husband to display the same behaviors and she does nothing to change them. The motivation of allowing the acts to continue could possibly be the money that is received after the abuse which she also considers a display of love.

Impact Of Technology On Healthcare Health And Social Care Essay

Medical information engineering is frequently thought of in the modern context of computing machines, but the careful aggregation and analysis of information related to observation of patient status, effectivity of different interventions, and design of new interventions dates back to the clip of Hippocrates ( ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 Be ) ( Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Hippocrates took punctilious notes that enabled him to do legion discoveries both in the apprehension of the workings of the human organic structure and in the moralss and attack to thought that are indispensable to modern medical pattern and probe ( Olguin, Gloor & A ; Pentland, 2009 ) . Relatively small invention took topographic point in furthering, the pattern of medical specialty from the clip of Hippocrates until the early twentieth century, with developments such as the variola vaccinum in 1901. During the twentieth century, the growing of medical engineering has increased continuously, with inventions such as penicillin, X-ray, PET/MRI scanning, computing machines, robotic surgery, radiation therapy, chemo-therapy, and many other signifiers of engineering and interventions ( Garson, 2008 ; Munnelly & A ; Clarke, 2007 ) . While the usage of medical hardware and information engineering has been indispensable to healthcare for 1000s of old ages, these same tools can make hard jobs ( Appari & A ; Johnson, 2010 ; Ziefle & A ; Rocker, 2010 ) . For illustration, the over-use of antibiotics has caused a new signifier of pathogen normally called super-bugs, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci aureus ( MRSA ) and other antibiotic opposition strains that are highly hard and expensive to handle. Healthcare installations ( edifices ) can besides be considered to be a signifier of engineering. As with other signifiers of engineering, physical installations involve a common interaction between users of the engineering and the engineering Anderson & A ; Wittwer, 2011 ) . In healthcare contexts, the physical installations are frequently closely interrelated with the staff and other engineering that the edifice contains ( Munnelly & A ; Clarke, 2007 ) . Often, engineering is integrated into the edifice itself. As with other signifiers of engineering in health care, organisations spend important amounts of money on their installations. If these financess are non spent sagely, they contribute to the lifting cost of health care and can impact the fiscal or operational viability of the organisation ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Among the innovators of Healthcare Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) has been one of the most supportive. Concerned with the health of the spacemans during infinite missions, NASA scientists developed technological devices for the measuring and transmittal of physiological and medical informations between infinite and Earth Stationss in the sixtiess ( Lankton & A ; Wilson, 2007 ) . This attempt was subsequently applied in the 1970s to back up medical services to the rural Papago Native American Reservation in Arizona utilizing a manned nomadic medical unit linked to local infirmaries. The first full service Healthcare Technology operation appeared in 1968 between Logan Airport Health station and the Massachusetts General Hospital ( MGH ) of Harvard Medical School ( Garson, 2008 ; Munnelly & A ; Clarke, 2007 ) . The service included 10 remote sites linked through the New Hampshire-Vermont Medical Interactive Television Network with a cardinal hub s tationed at Dartmouth. The service supported medical instruction and forte medical services including psychopathology, malignant neoplastic disease, and dermatology ( Pai & A ; Huang, 2011 ) . Another important Healthcare Technology event occurred in the 1990s when NASA launched the first big graduated table international Healthcare Technology undertaking, Spacebridge. Spacebridge presently supplies a assortment of medical specializer audiences and medical educational chances to the Eastern European part ( Sneha & A ; Varshney, 2007 ; Varshney, 2009 ) . Modern Healthcare Technology in the last century evolved from basic telephone audiences as experimental undertakings. Propelled by emerging engineerings and the information expressway, Healthcare Technology has resurfaced with new content and significance. Healthcare Technology experiments that are presently used in pilot signifier will turn out to be everyday in the hereafter. Impact of Technology on Healthcare The intent of this subdivision is to reexamine the literature on the impacts of engineering in health care. Evidence on the impact of engineering in health care is assorted. Literature on engineering impacts in health care have looked at both concluding result steps, such as productiveness or end product or mortality, every bit good as intermediate public presentation steps such as mistake rates, rhythm times, use, and complications ( Pai & A ; Huang, 2011 ) . A revenant subject among surveies on engineering and health care is the function of clip slowdowns ; the empirical grounds by and large supports the impression that engineering investings require a significant clip period for users to larn how to utilize the engineering ( Ziefle & A ; Rocker, 2010 ) . Surveies pulling from engineering literature base, consistent with the literature on engineering investing, appeared more likely to include complementary investing factors such as concern procedure reengineering ( BPR ) and preparation ( Varshney, 2009 ) . These surveies find positive impacts to engineering and frequently included ( Varshney, 2009 ) . Surveies based in the medical literature painted a more assorted position of results engineering investing ( Bardram, 2008 ; Coronato & A ; Pietro, 2010 ) . These surveies by and large did non include complementary investings and by and large took a â€Å" tool position † of engineering investings. The surveies based in the medical literature used a more nuanced pick of results ; consistent with the thought that health care is a alone context, including outcome steps such as mistake rate, differential mortality, use rates, and complication rates ( Sneha & A ; Varshney, 2007 ; Varshney, 2009 ) . What is losing from this literature is a survey that takes into history the alone nature of engineering investing, every bit good as the alone context of health care. Theory and grounds about the impacts of engineering investing suggest that engineering: a ) is a all-purpose engineering which frequently requires complementary investings to give positive returns, B ) lowers search costs, which lower the discrepancy of results, degree Celsius ) installations the accretion of â€Å" memory capital † over clip, vitamin D ) lowers monitoring costs, vitamin E ) speeds information diffusion, and degree Fahrenheit ) exhibits web effects ( Ziefle & A ; Rocker, 2010 ) . While many of the possible impact of engineering would look to ensue in positive returns in health care, findings on the impact of engineering in health care to day of the month are mixed. Most surveies on the impacts of engineering in health care have either: a ) used a rich apprehension of engineering investings focuse d upon the impact of engineering on traditional result steps such as profitableness or response clip, or B ) used a simplified position of engineering investing with a rich understand of the peculiar phenomena which arise out of the alone context of health care ( Coronato & A ; Pietro, 2010 ) . What is needed in this literature is a survey which takes into history the peculiar impacts of engineering investings on phenomena which are alone to healthcare, such as intervention incompatibility. Research Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Background Present research examines the factors that influence patient Healthcare Technology acceptance pulling support from the following theory. Theory of Reasoned Action The Theory of Reasoned Action asserts that beliefs influence attitudes. Attitudes, in bend, act upon the purposes that guide behavior, and credence of engineering is so demonstrated through behavior. TRA is well-tested and has been proven valid in foretelling and explicating behaviors in general human behavior. The construct of Theory of Reasoned Action was founded on Fishbein and Ajzen ‘s societal psychological science research. TRA suggested that important dealingss exist between beliefs, attitudes, purposes, and behaviors ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to TRA, most societal behaviors are non automatic actions ; alternatively, they are under volitional controls. TRA asserts that people consider the deductions of their action based on the information available to them before they decide to execute behavior ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Since behavior is a consequence of cognitive logical thinking, behavior is predictable. Theory of Reasoned Action is built on three concepts: attitude ( AT ) , subjective norm ( SN ) , and behavioral purpose ( BI ) . TRA has been examined and tested through legion research surveies. In TRA, attitude reflects personal behavioral beliefs and subjective norm refers to societal influences. TRA suggests that behavior purpose is a map of two determiners, a individual ‘s attitude and the subjective norm. A individual ‘s behavioral purpose, in bend, is the immediate determiner of the existent action ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Based on the pictural presentation of TRA by Ajzen and Fishbein, TRA may be expressed as: BI = AT + SN and existent behavior = BI. A individual holds different beliefs from past experience about objects, actions, and events. Beliefs service as the immediate deciding factors of a individual ‘s attitude ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Positive belief means stronger strong belief and credence toward the behavior in inquiry. With positive beliefs, a individual tends to garner positive attitudinal purpose to behaviour, which in bend leads to more possible realisation of the behavior. Attitude is a individual ‘s rating of the entity in inquiry ( Lankton & A ; Wilson, 2007 ) . Attitude arises as a map of beliefs. Beliefs may alter due to clip and fortunes or be replaced by new beliefs ; these alterations in bend affect a individual ‘s attitude. Social scientists have long established that attitude is a critical behavioral temperament ( Lankton & A ; Wilson, 2007 ) . However, a individual ‘s favorable or unfavorable perceptual experience to behaviour in consideration entirely does non ever produce the behavioral result. To accurately predict attitude, an extra variable must be taken into history of the attitude-behaviour relationship. This extra variable in TRA is the subjective norm ( Aziz et al. 2006 ; Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Subjective norm refers to a individual ‘s sensed outlooks from relevant persons or groups on whether or non to execute the behavior in inquiry ( Varshney, 2009 ) . Subjective norm is a map of normative beliefs, the ensuing influence of the societal environment. Social force per unit area can coerce an person to execute or avoid behavior in consideration regardless of the individual ‘s bing purpose. Since it has the potency of overruling a individual ‘s ain purpose, subjective norm is an independent concept to attitude in the TRA theoretical account. Concept of Pervasive Healthcare Technology Many Pervasive Healthcare Technology devices have undergone experimental tests in infirmaries every bit good as in patients ‘ places. Infrared engineering, gesture detectors ( infra-red sensing or acoustical sensing ) , picture cameras, and so on, that usage radio, Internet, ISDN, and telephone lines have been installed in health care installations ( Snyder, 2007 ) . Traditional non-invasive Pervasive Healthcare Technology frequently requires patient battle with devices at a set clip and location. For at hazard instances, such as post-stroke and postoperative wound-related complications where a close un-obstructive proctor is important in the recovery procedure, periodic monitoring may non catch episodic marks at the critical clip ( Washburn & A ; Hornberger, 2008 ) . Recent development of permeant monitoring systems focuses on automated and un-obstructive Pervasive Healthcare Technology without the limitations of clip and topographic point. Pervasive health care requires wireless engineerings and the duplicate substructure capablenesss. Permeant services are supported through radio LANs, cellular GSM/3G webs, satellite-based systems, and so forth ( Varshney, 2007 ) . Pervasive health care applications include â€Å" permeant wellness monitoring, intelligent exigency direction system, permeant health care informations entree, and omnipresent Mobile Healthcare Technology † ( Varshney, 2007 ) . Research on permeant Healthcare Technology started in the early 2000s utilizing the so budding permeant calculating engineerings. The end was to use omnipresent communicating engineerings to better patient liberty and health care mobility through uninterrupted monitoring. In instances such as myocardial ischaemia and station abdominal operations, uninterrupted physiological informations for timely sensing of impairment can alter the full attention result. Extended from Varshney ‘s definition for permeant health care ( 2007 ) , present research defines permeant Healthcare Technology as a Pervasive Healthcare Technology for anyone, anytime, and anyplace without location, clip, and other restraints. Earlier permeant Healthcare Technology experimented with video-telephony installings ( Thuemmler et al. 2009 ) . These devices provide unrecorded picture synergistic communicating through field old POTS for its broad handiness and comparatively low costs ( Lankton & A ; Wilson, 2007 ) . Using video-telephony, the healthcare professional can reexamine the therapies and supply support in real-time. More significantly, these devices alleviate the spread of distance, leting attention suppliers to supervise the patient ‘s emotional and mental provinces and non merely physiological information ( Olguin, Gloor & A ; Pentland, 2009 ) . Other types of permeant Healthcare Technology are enabled by portable topical detectors that integrate wireless engineering with clinical devices. Tele-devices such as tele-ECG and ring-sensors are worn by the patients for Pervasive Healthcare Technology. Data, such as ECG, pulsation rate, respiration rate, and O impregnation degrees, is collected and forwarded to the health care suppliers automatically ( Tu, Zhou, & A ; Piramuthu, 2009 ; Varshney, 2007 ) . This continuously monitored informations can supply of import clinical penetration for timely and accurate diagnosing. Advanced permeant devices for automatically roll uping multiple clinical parametric quantities have shown success in a organic structure detector web system ( Nachman et al. 2010 ) . This Pervasive Healthcare Technology system equipped with multiple detectors is able to roll up, procedure, and wirelessly convey the received informations via a secured nexus to a laptop for farther diagnosing. Pervasive Healthcare Technology devices that do non necessitate patients to have on the tele-devices besides have been developed in the past old ages. For illustration, mattresses, lavatories, kitchen contraptions, and vesture embedded with proctors can feel sleep form, organic structure weight, organic structure temperature, pulse rate, and so forth ( Bardram, 2008 ; Coronato & A ; Pietro, 2010 ) . Further experiments on advanced tele-sensing systems utilize the Doppler radio detection and ranging technique to garner scattered critical marks from throughout the organic structure ( Ziefle & A ; Rocker, 2010 ) . These systems can garner multiple clinical parametric quantities and are able to run autonomously without upseting the lives of the patients. Pervasive Healthcare Technology is built on widely deployed radio webs and advanced calculating engineerings. Pervasive Healthcare Technology solutions have focused chiefly on at hazard disease direction Anderson & A ; Wittwer, 2011 ) . However, a turning market in a broad scope of the healthcare field is ready to impel the development and ingestion of permeant Healthcare Technology. This pattern has had

Dealing Common Behavior Problems Essays

Dealing Common Behavior Problems Essays Dealing Common Behavior Problems Essay Dealing Common Behavior Problems Essay Immature: Characteristic of a lack of maturity, Lacking in development, Not fully developed or mature, Not yet mature. 2. Youth Fades Immaturity Linger Immature behavior often seems to be a consequence of childhood trauma and poor parenting. Parts  of a person may be immature, seemingly  stuck  at ages corresponding to unhealed abuse or trauma. This common stress disorder often reflects inadequate or inappropriate parenting. One sign of maturity knows youre right without needing to make others wrong. Another sign of maturity is that you perceive your parents as ordinary people. 3. Immature Behavior A child changes his/her behavior and starts to behave in a regressive manner such as baby talk, clinging to parent, thumb sucking or bed wetting. This behavior lasts for more than a few weeks. I just wanted to see what you consider to be immature acts. Each persons point of view is different so thats why I asked. It depends on how old you are and what the a cceptable social norms are for each age group. For example, Im 34 and the mother of a ten year old. It would be immature for me to leave my home in the middle of the night to go out to the club, drink and dance all night and not come home until I had to make breakfast for my kid. But it would not have been immature of me to do those types of things when I was single and in college.. So I guess, immaturity is relative to where a person is at in life. Doing or saying something without THINKING of the possible consequences. 4. What Is The Difference Between Mature And Immature Behavior? When someone falls off them, you laughed and then help or don’t help. When someone wants to talk serious to you, you make jokes or play around. When you spend $100 on trash or things you don’t need, instead of using it for something concrete. When you act like a child and blame others for your actionsgt; instead of taking control of your actions etc. 5. How Do You Deal With Immature Behavior From A Friend Or Significant Other? Well, if some one did not learn manners in front of her parents, he/ she is going to have to learn the hard way what happens when you disgust those with who you are dining, i. e. , you dont get invitations because youre too gross to eat wi th. Unfortunately you cant do much about her behavior other than act disgusted or say No, please, go ahead finish that before we talk 6. Where Do You Feel That You Fit On The Scale Of Mature Versus Immature Behavior? Maturity should be used only when absolutely necessary. 7. Example Rae said, my daughter has never been calm mature but lately its getting worse. The straw for me was when my mother came over and my daughter had a field day. She grabbed gifts out of my hands, almost breaking a glass candle jar, using a package of clothing hangers as a claw and kept swinging them at me, interrupting our conversation, taking ribbon from the gift packaging and trying to tie it around my head repeatedly, even after being told not to repeatedly. She also made a big show out of watering my house plants and spilled a large amount on the floor and didnt clean it up or tell me about it. Grabbed a cake out of the refrigerator, making a big deal out of just using one hand and almost dropping it. Yes I talked to her after my mother left and told her that her behavior was unacceptable and that I could not understand why she behaved this way and that she embarrassed me. Then we went out to dinner. She refused to eat her meal because there was a small amount of meat on her pasta. We asked her if she wanted us to get her another meal and she would refuse, then sit there and sigh loudly and stab at her plate. It was very embarrassing, especially with my 7 year old son sitting across from her. The waiter came over at the end of the meal and instead of asking us for dessert, she grabbed the little stand up paper picture and jabbed it repeatedly with her finger, crying ooh ooh ooh. My husband became very angry at this point, fed up, and told her there was no way she was getting dessert because of the way she had been acting. She ended up ruining my entire evening. We go to a store and she has to stand right by my side, touching me, the entire time. She will start walking through a store and have people walking behind her and all of a sudden, she will just stop and refuse to move until she sees that I am angry about the 4th or 5th time I tell her to move out of the way is when she finally wakes up moves. If I grab her arm and pull her out of the way, she gets very upset, like shes going to cry. Today is Saturday. This latest episode started on Thursday and shes gotten so bad that I had her go over to her Dads house today because I couldnt take any more (she thinks Im being nice by letting her go visit). My 7 yr old son, when told his sister was leaving, had one word to say GOOD. What is wrong with her? She has been tested for ADD and Anxiety, by several so-called professionals and no one can give me a solid diagnosis for either one. She is in counseling but after 3 months, the counselor finally confessed to me that she doesnt talk to him at all; they just play a board game during the sessions. She then promised me she would start talking to him, but she hasnt, so I havent taken her back to the counselor. 8. The Immature Child 9. Description: This is the type of student that is not acting their chronological age. These children look their age, but are demonstrating behaviors that would be appropriate for a much younger child. These children may suck their thumb, cry excessively over situations, talk in an baby like manner, or have the interests and motivations similar to a very young child. Not acting their age is not only noted by the adults, but other children comment on how silly or babyish the student acts. 0. Possible Causes: Children who do not act their chronological age may be developmentally disabled. There are many retarded children whose cognitive development is delayed compared to their peers. Some children experience neurological problems in the areas of reading and math. Neurological problems can also be found in the social area. The students child like beh aviors may have been reinforced in the past. Often behaviors that are cute at one age are not acceptable as a child matures physically.. Children often behave in an immature manner to gain attention. As long as they keep getting attention, even if negative, they will continue. The child may use immature behavior as a form of power. Using immature actions can often be an effective manipulative device for getting ones way. The child may also be using child like behaviors to get others to do things for them or expect less from them. This is a form of playing helpless. Immature behavior can also be a sign of the fear of growing up. Many individuals are afraid of the responsibilities and expectations made upon older children or adults. 11. Strategies: The instructor should ignore or at least respond in a matter of fact manner toward immature behavior. The teacher needs to make sure that the child is capable of their expectations, and if the student regresses to child like reactions, they should be ignored. Modeling appropriate behavior and only given recognition to requests or reactions that demonstrate age appropriate behavior, should be initiated. Anticipate the types of activi ties and situations that seem to promote immature reactions and avoid them. Make sure that the child has the prerequisite skills for your activities. Often it may help to not provide playing, as one of the choices during alternative for free time. Working on the computer, looking at books, and listening to tapes may be more mature alternatives to free play. Toys may have to be removed from the free time area. It sometimes helps to introduce activities with how the activity will help them. This will prevent the annoying why questions. If the whining why question comes up anyway, the instructor can calmly repeat the justification for completing the activity, or say, You dont have to know why, you just need to do it. Provide a highly structured environment that contains few surprises. Slowly introduce and create additional responsibilities concerning expectations. Do not acknowledge a child when they whine. Say it again in a different way and I will answer you. Be consistent with this type of response and remember that they will often try to set you up when you are very busy. Do not allow immature responses as an option of behavior in your class. 12. Solutions: Do not yell at your child or call them a baby but rather tell them that you notice they are heaving differently and ask them if they are upset about something. Consider the goal for their behavior such as; are they trying to get your attention because there is a new baby or are they upset by stress in their life and they are using old coping skills? Encourage your child to express their feelings so they do not need to act them out with immature behavior. Give your child additional time and attention, especially when they are behaving appropriately. Make sure your child is getting enough sleep. Prais e your child when they show age appropriate behavior. 2. INSECURE BEHAVIOR 6 Insecurity is defined as: ? Feeling of not being good enough to meet the challenge of a situation you face in life. Sense of helplessness in the face of problems, conflict or concerns. ? Fear of being discovered as inadequate, ill-fitted or unsuited to meet responsibilities at home, school or on the job. ? Sense of always climbing up a mountain, never being able to reach the top. ? Results from a sense of being unaccepted, disapproved or rejected. 6 Insecure people may have: ? Been raised in a chaotic, unpredictable or volatile environment in which they were kept off balance, on guard or on edge. ? Experienced a major tragedy or loss in their lives and are having a difficult time in accepting this loss and adjusting to the change. A poorly developed self-concept with low self-esteem, lacking belief in their personal goodness, skills or abilities. ? Never felt accepted by the others in their life, so much so that they became chronically shy, retiring and withdrawn in their interactions. ? Poor body images, making them believe that others see them in a negative light. This makes them self-conscious, tense and anxious in dealing with others. ? Been given very little direction, guidance or discipline in their earlier lives leaving them unable to cope with the current pressures of life. This can foster doubt in an insecure persons ability to gain recognition for their successes, and can make them doubt their ability to achieve success. 6 What do chronically insecure people believe? ? I can never accomplish the task facing me. ? Everybody is looking at me, just waiting for me to make a fool of myself. ? I am a failure. ? I am ugly and awful to look at. ? I can never win. I am a loser. ? What is the sense of trying; Ill never get it right. ? No matter how hard I work to achieve, I never get any recognition. ? I am incompetent in everything. ? How could anybody ever say anything good about me? I failed them in the past; therefore, I am a failure today. ? Once a failure, always a failure. ? There is only one direction for me to go in this organization and that is down and out. ? No one could ever like, respect or accept me. ? I dont deserve to be treated nicely. ? I dont fit in here or anywhere else for that matter. ? Everyone else looks so good, so together; I feel so out of it compared to them. ? I am an incomplete person and will always be that way. ? I am so afraid that no one will like me. ? Why would anyone care to hear what I say, how I feel or what I think? People are just nice to you in order to use you and get something they want from you. 3. What are some negative effects of insecurity? People who are insecure can: ? Have difficulties in establishing healthy, long-lasting relationships. ? Be perceived incorrectly by others as being snobbish or uppity. ? Become victims of fears that impair their freedom of action or choice. ? Be candidates for paranoia feeling others are out to get them. ? Scare others away from them by their defensive attitude. ? Be over-controlled emotionally, having problems letting others in on their emotions. This can lead others to guess what is going on until the passivity of the insecure person leads to an over-reaction by the others, resulting in conflict or rejection. ? Have problems on the job or in school when they have the knowledge, skills and abilities to do a task efficiently but are told to do it in a different, less effective manner. They get so uptight about the job and are fearful of standing up for what they believe that they get angry, hostile and resentful until they either quit or succeed in submerging their emotions. ? Get passed over for promotions, advances or honors because they are so quiet about what it is they do. This leads the insecure persons to feel more unaccepted, unappreciated and under-valued. ? Have problems meeting people and often can become debilitated socially by chronic shyness. ? Become so inward that they seek to escape into their fantasy life rather than deal with the reality of their lives. 4. In order to overcome insecurity, people need to: ? Be willing to be put in vulnerable positions in life where they might get hurt. ? Take risks to change their current behavior. ? Trust others enough to expose themselves to them, risking vulnerability and the possibility of being hurt. Have a healthy and humorous belief in them in order to overlook their exaggerated need for acceptance and approval. ? Take a rational approach to each problem they face so that they are no longer inhibited by debilitating fears or beliefs. ? Practice assertive behavior in their lives, earning respect and the acknowledgment of their rights. ? Arouse the courage to take small steps in learning to experience success and overcoming their lack of belief in self. ? Break the barrier or outer shell of the self-doubt they have hidden behind and reach out to others.. ? Open themselves to the possibility of success and accomplishment. Visualize or make a prophecy of winning at life so their energies are focused in a growth direction. ? Reward them for who they are and capitalize on their strengths, attributes, skills and competencies. 5. What steps can people take to handle insecurity? Step 1: Answer the following questions in your journal: a. What behavior traits signal my insecurity? b. What happened in my past to make me insecure? c. What are some of my beliefs that account for my insecurity? d. What are some negative consequences Ive experienced due to my insecurity? e. What behavior traits do I need to develop in order to overcome my insecurity? Step 2: After identifying your insecurity, how can you handle it? Answer the following questions in your journal: a. What substitute behavior traits could I develop that would indicate security in myself? b. What are some positive consequences of exhibiting such secure behavior traits in my life? c. What are some rational beliefs I must develop in order to exhibit secure behavior in my life? d. How will my life change if I exhibit secure behavior? e. What is my action plan to develop security in my life? f. What obstacles stand in the way of my executing this action plan? g. How can I overcome the obstacles to my development of self-confidence and security? Step 3: Implement the plan of action in Step 2. Keep a log in your journal as you go through each stage of handling your insecurity. Step 4: The following project is designed to help you develop secure behavior by learning about yourself through the eyes of the other people in your life. Step 5: If you are still feeling insecure after completing Steps 1 through 4, review the material, return to Step 1 and begin again. 3. HABIT DISORDER 1. Habit Disorder Habit Disorder  is a disorder of childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e. . , hand waving or head banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury, and persists for four weeks or longer. The behavior must not be due to the direct effects of a substance or another medical condition. In cases when  mental retardation  is present, the stereotype movement or self-injurious behavior must be of sufficient severity to become the focus of treatment. The behavior is not better explained as a compulsion (e. g. ,  OCD), a  tic, a  stereotypy  as part of a  Pervasive Developmental Disorder, or hair pulling (trichotillomania). Former versions of the  DSM  (Diagnostic Manual and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) used the term Stereotypy/ Habit Disorder to designate repetitive habit behaviors that caused impairment to the child. The repetitive movements that are common with this disorder include  thumb sucking,  nail biting,  nose-picking, breath holding,  bruxism, head banging, rocking/rhythmic movements, self-biting, self-hitting, picking at the skin, hand shaking, hand waving, and mouthing of objects. Habits can range from relatively benign behaviors (e. g. , nail biting) to noticeable or self-injurious behaviors, such as teeth grinding (bruxism). Many habits of childhood are a benign, normal part of development, do not rise to the diagnostic level of a disorder, and typically remit without treatment. When stereotyped behaviors cause significant impairment in functioning, an evaluation for habit movement disorder is warranted. There are no specific tests for diagnosing this disorder, although some tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions. Other conditions which feature repetitive behaviors in the differential diagnosis include obsessive-compulsive disorder,  trichotillomania, vocal and  tic disorders  (e. g.   Tourette syndrome). Although not necessary for the diagnosis, habit disorder most often affects children with mental retardation and developmental disorders. It is more common in boys, and can occur at any age. The cause of this disorder is not known. Habit disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourettes. Unlike the tics of Tourettes, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age two, are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics. Tics are less likely to be stimulated by excitement. Children with habit disorder do not always report being bothered by the movements as a child with tics might. Prognosis depends on the severity of the disorder. Recognizing symptoms early can help reduce the risk of self-injury, which can be lessened with medications. Habit disorder due to head trauma may be permanent. If anxiety or affective disorders are present, the behaviors may persist. 2. Mental retardation (MR) is a generalized disorder, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more  adaptive behaviors  that appears before adulthood. It has historically been defined as an  Intelligence Quotient  score under 70. 3. Stereotypes It may be simple movements such as body rocking, or complex, such as self-caressing, crossing and uncrossing of legs, and marching in place. 4. Pervasive Developmental Disorders The diagnostic category  pervasive developmental disorders  (PDD), as opposed to specific developmental disorders  (SDD), refers to a group of five  disorders  characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including  socialization  and communication  that have traditionally been referred to as Autism. . 3. 5Richotillomania The compulsive urge to pull out ones own hair, is recognized as a disorder leading to noticeable hair loss, distress, and social or functional impairment. It is often chronic and difficult to treat. 6. 3. 6Thumb sucking It usually involves placing the  thumb  into the mouth and rhythmically repeating sucking contact for a prolonged duration. It can a lso be accomplished with any piece of skin within reach (such as the  big toe) and is considered to be soothing and therapeutic for the person. 6. 3. 7Nail biting Onychophagia  or  nail biting  is a common oral  compulsive  habit in children and adults. 6. 3. 8Nose-picking It  is the act of extracting  dried nasal mucus  or  foreign bodies  from the  nose with a  finger. Despite being a very common habit, it is a mildly  taboo  activity in most cultures, and the observation of the activity in another person commonly provokes mixed feelings of  disgust  and  amusement. 6. 3. 9Bruxism Bruxism (gnashing of teeth) is characterized by the grinding of the teeth and is typically accompanied by the clenching of the jaw. 6. 3. 0 Childrens Conditions including Behavior Disorders Behavioral and autistic spectrum problems are now becoming increasingly common and many people are looking for alternatives to the conventional drug therapy. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a hyperactive state that leads to great difficulty in controlling and managing the child. There are also major problems with concentration and, again, learning is difficult and exhausting for parents, teachers and the child 6. 3. 11 Symptoms of Childrens Conditions including Behavior Disorders There is no spontaneous affection and, due to increased sensitivity, the child can react negatively to loud noises and seeks comfort in, often bizarre, repetitive movements and activities, and does not like to make eye contact. He may be disobedient, permanently fidgety and suffer from low frustration tolerance, sleep disturbance, appetite problems, restlessness and attention seeking behavior. There are enormous problems for the parents and other cares as the child can respond in a loud, aggressive or even violent manner with minimal need for sleep so the situation is relentlessly anxiety provoking and emotionally traumatic for all concerned. The condition is significantly more common in boys. Other, associated, symptoms may include abnormal thirst, migraine in the family, asthma and eczema. 6. 3. 12 Treatments for Childrens Conditions including Behavior Disorders 1. Conventional treatments for autism are based on behavioral techniques and intensive treatments such as ‘portering’. 2. ADHD relies very heavily on drug treatments involving the use of powerful stimulatory drugs such as methylphenidate (a drug that stimulates the central nervous system. Use: treatment of narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder. Formula: C14H19NO2) (‘Ritalin’). 3. Identifying foods which may mean using an elimination diet and, after the initial ‘washout’ period, introducing foods one at a time and observing the reaction (if any). 4. Complex homeopathy, which involves the use of mixtures of herbal and low potency homeopathic preparations, can be targeted to help specific organs, particularly the pancreas which can be very effective. 5. Classical homeopathy, using single remedies is also useful in of children. 4. PERSONAL PROBLEMS 6. 4. 1Description: A personal problem can be any situation which prevents a student from completely fulfilling his or her personal and/or educational goals. The problem may have its origin either on or off campus. The counselor provides the student an opportunity to discuss, in confidence, how this problem is affecting his/her life. A professionally trained counselor can help you to focus on realistic solutions to such problems as home conflict, marital discord, peer conflict, personal discomfort, disillusionment, general unhappiness, inability to make decisions, and feelings of being overwhelmed by the demands of academic life. 6. 4. 2 What are the examples of personal problems? Few major examples are: Marriage problems Financial problems Love problems Management Problem Issues at Work Social Relationship Issues Alcohol Drug related Problems Job Related Problem 6. 4. 3Ways to Solve Personal Problems A simple strategy of life is that, it makes us learn from the mistakes may be from the birth until death. When we keenly observe at perspective part of life we come to know that we have resolved many problems at uneven situation. Pe rsonal problems are part of individual’s life, problems raise with advance of life. The basic idea how to solve the personal problems is to know the problem and find the root of problem; it may be something very crucial or sometimes find it really insane after we find the solution. Flow Chart showing easy steps to solve personal problems [pic] Skills to Solve Personal Problem There is no unique solution for a problem, problem can only be solved when one really approaches  to the situation or he/she is held to that problem. Sometimes the chances of getting a solution really confuses of choices to problem and sometimes it feels that we are just going around problem and not able get solution to that problem. It really horrifies (concern) when tiny little problem goes multiplying in the way into huge problem when we try to find the solution and makes us feel it never ends. The simple idea is to keep a pleasant mind at the situation and patiently try finding the root of the problem, cause for that problem and  significantly explore all possible solutions and  determine the kind of solution for the problem and consequences of drastic changed involved with change in system and environment. Step By Step Instruction to solve personal problems Step  1 Is there another way to achieve the goal? Sometimes we spend countless hours trying to solve a problem when simply choosing a different route to the goal would have been sufficient. Close your eyes and imagine you are looking at your goal from far above. You may see there are other ways to get what you want. Step  2 Do you know people who seem to spend their day inventing problems? When you look at their situation, you realize they have exaggerated their situation. Some people see problems everywhere, and will even create them out of nothing. Focusing on problems can make you blind to seeing solutions. Step  3 Perhaps it is time to re-examine the goal that is being blocked. Some experts tell us that the cause of suffering is excessive want. Is the thing we really want worth the effort? Can the goal be slightly altered, so that it is more realistic or achievable? Badly worded goals can have a negative effect on your success. Step  4 When you have completed the first two steps and you still need to get over or around this particular block (your problem), it is time to mobilize your resources and solve this thing. There are plenty of great problem solving sources on the internet. 5. ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR 6. 5. 1Definition Antisocial behaviors are  disruptive  acts characterized by covert and  overt  hostility and intentional aggression toward others. Antisocial behaviors exist along a severity  continuum  and include repeated violations of social rules, defiance  of authority and of the rights of others, deceitfulness, theft, and  reckless disregard  for self and others. Antisocial behavior can be identified in children as young as three or four years of age. If left  unchecked  these coercive  patterns will persist and  escalate  in severity over time, becoming a chronic behavioral disorder. 6. 5. 2Description Antisocial behavior may be overt, involving aggressive actions against siblings, peers, parents, teachers, or other adults, such as verbal abuse, ullying and hitting; or covert, involving aggressive actions against property, such as theft, vandalism, and fire-setting. Covert antisocial behaviors in early childhood may include noncompliance, sneaking,  lying, or secretly destroying anothers property. Antisocial behaviors also include drug and alcohol abuse and high-risk activities involving self and ot hers. 6. 5. 3Demographics Between 4 and 6 million American children have been identified with  antisocial  behavior problems. These disruptive behaviors are one of the most common forms of  psychopathology, accounting for half of all childhood mental health referrals. The gender differences in the way antisocial behavior is expressed may be related to the differing rate of maturity between girls and boys. Physical aggression is expressed at the earliest stages of development, then direct verbal threats, and, last, indirect strategies for manipulating the existing social structure. Antisocial behaviors may have an early onset, identifiable as soon as age four, or late onset, manifesting in middle or late  adolescence. Some research indicates that girls are more likely than boys to exhibit late onset antisocial behavior. Late onset antisocial behaviors are less persistent and more likely to be discarded as a behavioral strategy than those that first appear in early childhood. As many as half of all elementary school children who demonstrate antisocial behavior patterns continue these behaviors into  adolescence, and as many as 75 percent of adolescents who demonstrate antisocial behaviors continue to do so into early  adulthood. 6. 5. 4Causes and Symptoms Antisocial behavior develops and is shaped in the context of  coercive  social interactions within the  family, community, and educational environment. It is also influenced by the childs  temperament  and  irritability, cognitive ability, the level of involvement with  deviant  peers, exposure to violence, and  deficit  of cooperative problem-solving skills. Antisocial behavior is frequently accompanied by other behavioral and developmental problems such as hyperactivity, depression, learning disabilities, and  impulsivity. Multiple risk factors for development and persistence of antisocial behaviors include genetic,  neurobiological, and environmental stressors beginning at the  prenatal  stage and often continuing throughout the childhood years. Genetic factors are thought to contribute substantially to the development of antisocial behaviors. Genetic factors, including abnormalities in the structure of the  prefrontal  cortex of the brain, may play a role in an inherited predisposition  to antisocial behaviors. Neurobiological risks include maternal drug use during pregnancy, birth complications, low birth weight, prenatal brain damage,  traumatic  head injury, and chronic illness. High-risk factors in the family setting include the following: parental history of antisocial behaviors parental alcohol and drug abuse chaotic and unstable home life absence of good parenting skills use of coercive and corporal punishment parental disruption due to  divorce, death, or other separation parental psychiatric disorders, especially maternal depression economic distress due to poverty and unemployment Heavy exposure to media violence through television, movies, Internet sites,  video games, and even cartoons has l ong been associated with an increase in the  likelihood  that a child will become  desensitized  to violence and  behavein aggressive and antisocial ways. However, research relating the use of violent video games with antisocial behavior is  inconsistent  and varies in design and quality, with findings of both increased and decreased aggression after exposure to violent video games. Companions and peers are influential in the development of antisocial behaviors. Some studies of boys with antisocial behaviors have found that companions are mutually reinforcing with their talk of rule breaking in ways that predict later  delinquency  and substance abuse. 6. 5. 5When to Call the Doctor Parents and teachers who notice a pattern of repeated lying, cheating,  stealing, bullying, hitting, noncompliance, and other disruptive behaviors should not ignore these symptoms. Early screening of at-risk children is critical to deterring development of a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior. Early detection and appropriate intervention, particularly during the  preschool  years and middle school years, is the best means of interrupting the developmental trajectory  of antisocial behavior patterns. Serious childhood antisocial behaviors can lead to diagnoses of  conduct disorder  (CD) or  oppositional defiant disorder  (ODD). Children who exhibit antisocial behaviors are at an increased risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). 6. 5. 6Diagnosis Systematic diagnostic interviews with parents and children provide opportunity for a thorough assessment of individual risk factors and family and societal dynamics. Such assessment should include parent-adolescent relationships; peer characteristics; school, home, and community environment; and overall health of the individual. Various diagnostic instruments have been developed for evidence-based identification of antisocial behavior in children. The onset, frequency, and severity of antisocial behaviors such as stealing, lying, cheating, sneaking, peer rejection, low academic achievement, negative attitude, and aggressive behaviors are accessed to determine appropriate intervention and treatment. 6. 5. 7Treatment Enhanced parent-teacher communications and the availability of school psychologists and counselors trained in family intervention within the school setting are basic requirements for successful intervention and treatment of childhood antisocial behaviors. School-based programs from early childhood onward that teach conflict resolution, emotional literacy, and anger management skills have been shown to interrupt the development of antisocial behavior in low-risk students. Students who may be at higher risk because of difficult family and environmental circumstances will benefit from more individualized prevention efforts, including counseling, academic support, social-skills training, and behavior contracting. 6. 5. 8Prognosis The longer antisocial behavior patterns persist, the more  intractable  they become. Early-onset conduct problems left untreated  are more likely to result in the development of chronic antisocial behavior than if the disruptive behavior begins in adolescence. Longitudinal studies have found that as many as 71 percent of chronic juvenile offenders had progressed from childhood antisocial behaviors through a history of early arrests to a pattern of chronic law breaking. 6. 5. 9Prevention Healthy  nutrition  and prenatal care, a safe and secure family and social environment, early  bonding  with an emotionally mature and healthy parent, role models for prosocial behaviors, non-coercive methods of parenting, peer relationships with prosocial individuals, and early intervention when problems first appear are all excellent means of assuring development of prosocial behaviors and reducing and  extinguishing  antisocial behaviors in children. 6. 5. 10 Parental Concerns Parents may  hesitate  to seek help for children with antisocial behavior patterns out of  fear  of the child being negatively labeled or misdiagnosed. Almost all children will engage in some form of antisocial behavior at various stages of development. Skilled parents will be able to lovingly confront the child and help the child recognize that certain behaviors are  unacceptable. However if these conduct disturbances persist and  worsen, they should be taken seriously as precursors to more serious problems. Early intervention is important for the sake of the child and the entire family system.

Coke Vs. Pepsi Case Study Essays - Patent Medicines, Marketing

Coke Vs. Pepsi Case Study Essays - Patent Medicines, Marketing Coke Vs. Pepsi Case Study Control of market share is the key issue in this case study. The situation is both Coke and Pepsi are trying to gain market share in this beverage market, which is valued at over $30 billion a year (98). Just how is this done in such a competitive market is the underlying issue. The facts are that each company is coming up with new products and ideas in order to increase their market share. The creativity and effectiveness of each company's marketing strategy will ultimately determine the winner with respect to sales, profits, and customer loyalty (98). Not only are these two companies constructing new ways to sell Coke and Pepsi, but they are also thinking of ways in which to increase market share in other beverage categories. Although the goal of both companies are exactly the same, the two companies rely on somewhat different marketing strategies (98). Pepsi has always taken the lead in developing new products, but Coke soon learned their lesson and started to do the same. Coke hired marketing executives with good track records (98). Coke also implemented cross training of managers so it would be more difficult for cliques to form within the company (98). On the other hand, Pepsi has always taken more risks, acted rapidly, and was always developing new ad vertising ideas. Both companies have also relied on finding new markets, especially in foreign countries. In the foreign markets, Coke has been more successful than Pepsi. For example, in Eastern Europe, Pepsi has relied on a barter system that proved to fail. However, in certain countries that allow direct comparison, Pepsi has beat Coke. In foreign markets, both companies have followed the marketing concept by offering products that meet consumer needs (99) in order to gain market share. For instance, in certain countries, consumers wanted a soft drink that was low in sugar, yet did not have a diet taste or image (99). Pepsi responded by developing Pepsi Max. These companies in trying to capture market share have relied on the development of new products. In some cases the products have been successful. However, at other times the new products have failed. For Coke, changing their original formula and introducing it as New Coke was a major failure. The new formula hurt Coke as consumers requested Classic Cokes return. Pepsi has also had its share of failures. Some of their failures included: Pepsi Light, Pepsi Free, Pepsi AM, and Crystal Pepsi. One solution to increasing market share is to carefully follow consumer wants in each country. The next step is to take fast action to develop a product that meets the requirements for that particular region. Both companies cannot just sell one product; if they do they will not succeed. They have to always be creating and updating their marketing plans and products. The companies must be willing to accommodate their target markets. Gaining market share occurs when a company stays one-step ahead of the competition by knowing what the consumer wants. My recommendation is to make sure the company is always doing market research. This way they are able to get as much feedback as possible from consumers. Next, analyze this data as fast as possible, and then develop the new product based upon this data. Once the product is developed, get it to the marketplace quickly. Time is a very critical factor. In my opinion, with all of these factors taken into consideration any company should give any company a good jump on market share.

Buddhism

The spread of Buddhism throughout China sparked diverse responses from many individuals. Scholars from varying backgrounds and religions had differing opinions about Buddhism and multiple factors influenced their viewpoint. Factors such as what class they are from, what religion they are, and what events are happening at the time. Documents 2 and 3 are written by Chinese scholars who are in support of Buddhism and seem to be trying to inform others of the positives of Buddhism. The authors of Documents 4 and 6 are Confucian and part of the Tang court, and because of that they are against Buddhism. Documents 1 and 5 come from Buddhists (Document 1 is supposedly the first sermon preached by the Buddha himself) who are in favor of Buddhism. Chinese scholars are intelligent and literate, causing their viewpoint to be held in high regard. Because of this, Chinese scholars may have been able to influence others opinions. This is evident in Document 2, where Chinese scholar Zhi Dun tried to calm the people of the nation down and stick to their religion even when times are hard (Asian Nomads invaded Northern China during his period). Zhi Dun may have been trying to soothe the people by emphasizing on the spiritual side of Buddhism because he didn’t want the peasants to rebel. Similar to Document 2, Document 3 features an anonymous Chinese scholar who was defending Buddhism and trying to convince people to convert. In the form of a Qamp;A session, this Chinese scholar defends Buddhism and provides answers to difficult questions such as why Buddhism was never practiced by the sages of the past and Confucius. Both Documents 2 and 3 has authors that support Buddhism and gone out of their way to promote the religion. Documents 4 and 5, in my opinion, are clearly written by biased authors who are anti-Buddhism. Han You, a leading Confucian scholar and official and the Tang imperial court, mentioned that since Buddha’s sayings contain nothing about the ancient kinds and did not follow Confucian tradition, it is an evil and later generations should be spared from this â€Å"evil†. Tang Emperor Wu in Document 6 basically reiterated on this statement. Both authors believe that the spread of Buddhism is corrupt and that it is damaging to the public. However, both authors are part of the Tang court are also Confucian, so perhaps they are trying to resist Buddhism so that the new religion won’t overpower their authority. By speaking badly of Buddhism, they might convince the public to remain with Confucianism. Documents 1 and 5 are both very interesting. In fact, Document 1 contains the first sermon preached by the Buddha himself. Document 5 is written by a Buddhist scholar who is also favored by the Tang imperial household, which is quite distinctive. These two authors are unique individuals, and both support Buddhism. However, while Zong Mi supports Buddhism, he is also open-minded and respects both Confucius and the Buddha. He refers to them as perfect sages since their teachings lead to the creation of an orderly society. He differs from the rest of scholars in that he is basically neutral and doesn’t side with one religion over another. But even though these two authors are pro-Buddhism, there is a certain â€Å"voice† missing. I think a Buddhist peasant could contribute his opinion. Since he is from a lower class, he has the perspective of the religion from a poor person’s point of view and could have different feelings about it compared to higher class people such as Zong Mi and the Buddha.

Political Climate in the 1950s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Climate in the 1950s - Essay Example The political scenario suffered in the shape of the communist opposition party dwindling into insignificance. With their downfall, America lost the institutional network that had created a public space where alternatives to the current workings of the government could be presented and be challenged. By late 1950s, thousands of men and women had lost their jobs, hundreds had been deported or sent to prison, and two had been executed. Most, but not all, of these people had once been in or near the American Communist Party. [6] [7] Also the social policy reforms including national insurance policy supported by the leftist also fell apart. McCarthyism further contributed to the attenuation of the reform impulse by diverting the attention of the labor movement, the strongest institution within the left-liberal coalition, from external organizing to internal politicking. [5] [6] America's cultural and intellectual life in the 1950s also suffered from McCarthyism. TV and radio offered a bland menu of quiz shows and Westerns during late 1950s so that no relation could be made to communism and its views. Similarly the film industry cautiously restrained itself from indulging into controversial social or political issues. On the international political front, an opposition to the Cold War had been so thoroughly identified with communism that it was no longer possible to challenge the basic assumptions of American foreign policy without incurring suspicions of disloyalty. [5] [6] What Is Meant By The Term Politics Of Consensus Politics of consensus means common frameworks and policies agreed between all political parties that are adopted by the government. During the years 1945 to 1979, this practice was observed by the government of Britain. The Conservative Party and Labour Party, which were the two major political parties in Britain at that time, were in consensus over certain basic government policies. All the political scientists and media commentators agreed with the policies introduced in the decades after World War II. Changes in the government responsibility such as the welfare state, the National Health Service (NHS), and widespread nationalization of industry, were some of the policies that were agreed unconditionally by both parties. [2] During the late 1970s, the political consensus eventually started to break up. The Conservative Party and the Labour Party were getting at odds over each other. With the sudden rise in oil price in early 1970s, drew a new economic experience of 'stagflation', where high inflation was combined with high unemployment. The Conservative Party challenged the political consensus of the use Keynesian economics by the government. The increasing differences of economic opinion between the two parties finally ended the consensus that was agreed in previous decades. [2] Why Did The Civil Rights Movement Begin In The 1950s After the end of World War II, the blacks (Negro) became increasingly active socially. Discrimination in the military services and in the work force challenged them from getting any important positions. In the South, Blacks had been put to near slavery conditions with the Black Codes and the Jim Crow Laws. As a result many left southern farms for northern cities in search for better jobs. When they found crowded and discriminatory conditions

Role of the Registered Nurse in the Operating Room Research Paper

Role of the Registered Nurse in the Operating Room - Research Paper Example However, most hospitals have hired technical nurse because of high professional fee for registered nurses. As part of the cost cutting program, the companies resort to scrub nurse that has technical skills in handling instruments. This paper aims to discuss the role of registered nurse in the operating room. The role of nurses is examined in the three phases of operating procedure: preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative. â€Å"Preoperative Role† Patients should receive an efficient and effective service from the health sector. That is why, the health care devises patient empowerment during the preoperative phase (Bramhall, 2002). The preoperative role of nurses involves the assessment of patient’s welfare. Nurses are responsible in preparing the psychological aspect of the patient for the scheduled operation. In order to perform this process, McGarvey, Chambers, and Boore (2000) assert that interpersonal communication is necessary. They gather information from the patient such as medical history, drug used in preparation for the surgery, and the willingness of patients to undergo a surgical operation. The information gathered are used to mitigate risks and determine the factors that may affect the patient’s health. Moreover, the patient is informed of the proposed treatment that the surgeon will perform on the scheduled surgery. The open communication is inhibited because the nurses explain the risk or the possible outcome of the operation, then they offer other methods to patients. The patients must agree with the procedure as part of preparing themselves psychologically. Thus, the nurses are not only rendering their professional service, but they involve personal care. â€Å"Intra-operative Role† During the operation, the patients are at the most critical level because a single mistake will lead to complications. Since the advocate of the medical society is to give efficient and high quality of service, the staff, includi ng the surgeon, must be careful in using the medical equipments and instruments. Allen (2000, p. 1038) states that RN has the duty to â€Å"prevent patient injuries, pressure ulcers, nerve damage, and burns, and to reduce transmission of infection.† To prevent injuries, McEwen (1996, p.1059) proposes that nurses should be knowledgeable in anatomy, since the skin is the â€Å"primary body affected by pressure injuries.† Thus, the nurses are responsible for positioning the patient in the operating table safely to avoid problems and generate positive outcome. During the operation, the nurses examine the physical condition of patients such as their vital statistics. Moreover, they check and assure the medical team that the surgical equipments used are sterile to avoid infection. Infection can be the cause of the patient’s death; hence, the reputation of the institution is tarnished. The preoperative nurses must be cautious to maintain asepsis or free from contaminat ion. â€Å"Postoperative Role† After the operation, patients should be admitted in a recovery area wherein they will be monitored. This is seconded by Stephens and Boaler (1977) that patients must be inspected regularly and precisely. This is to ensure that the patient has a â€Å"safe recovery from anesthesia and surgery† (McGarvey, Chambers, & Boore, 2000, p. 1097). The nurses will examine the physiological state of a patient including the circulation of blood and respiratory function. Once they are awake, the nurses provide information or educate patients about the surgery. The

Litertature, Fiction Analysis Paper of Frank O'Connor's Guest of the Essay - 1

Litertature, Fiction Analysis Paper of Frank O'Connor's Guest of the Nation - Essay Example nsibility in â€Å"Guests of the Nation†, it is Stanley Renner’s belief that the protagonist Bonaparte is driven by an external destiny to carryout his actions. In a sense, he is not responsible for these actions because inadvertently these actions are not his own. I argue in opposition to this idea; I feel Bonaparte as well as the others a fully responsible in their decision to execute the British soldiers. To credit their actions to the sociology of the time, or a divine hidden power, is to make the killers out to be victims. Though this a very insightful irony, it does an injustice and devalues the British soldiers as characters. Renner’s argument is not without its valid points. He argues that the characters are driven by fate, and that the entire story itself is a critique of the relation between man’s own free will and cosmic intervention. He best supports this point with his interpretation of the character Bonaparte. When he and the other Irish soldiers are given orders to execute the British captives, who have been treated more like friendly guest, Renner points out that Bonaparte becomes indecisive and doubtful. To argue that Bonaparte is a character that relies on destiny to dictates his actions, Renner states, he merely drifts along as if helpless to defy the fates, ‘hoping that something would happen,’ that the Englishmen would ‘run for it’ or that ‘Noble would take over the responsibility from me,’ but doing nothing himself (25). Renner’s main argument revolves around Bonaparte’s willingness to adhere to divine dictation. It is Renn er’s view that if Bonaparte allows the forces driving his circumstances to drive him as well, and he practices no free will, then he is not responsible for his actions. Renner believes the feeling of jadedness Bonaparte endures is the result of his happy-go-lucky take on life. This is most likely in reference to the moment in the story right after Bonaparte has finished the execution, while

Medicine in the Ancient and Medieval World Essay

Medicine in the Ancient and Medieval World - Essay Example Long before Western society developed even a rudimentary level of understanding concerning the human body and/or disease, societies within Asia were figuratively light years ahead of what understanding was represented within the Western world. As a function of discussing an understanding this differential to a more full and complete manner, following analysis will be concentric upon representing the case of India and the case of Georgia1; with regard to how these societies and cultures integrated with an understanding, interpretation, and application of relevant understandings of health and/or patient care. It is the hope of this author that the reader will be able to utilize these relevant interpretations as a means of engaging with an understanding contributions and differentials that other cultures have been able to bring to the field of medicine throughout the course of millennia. Dating as far back as 5000 B.C.E., Ayurveda, is a system of traditional medicine that is native to the Indian subcontinent. Although there is a great deal of disagreement among historians and scholars with respect to the actual amount of change that has been exhibited within Ayurveda since it first came to appear within the historical record, it is clear that this particular approach to medicine and understanding the relevant needs and issues that the human body experiences has fundamentally shaped the way in which individuals from this part of the world integrate with an understanding of healthcare. In determining the ultimate background of this particular approach to medicine, it must be stated that from a review of relevant resources and a historical analysis, the reader can and should come to the understanding that Ayurveda initially was put forward in tandem with religious practice and interpretation of the spirit world. This is a fundamentally important aspects of early Indian medicine as it has been retained, passed on, and understood in tandem

The importance of initial (primary) education in the professional Thesis

The importance of initial (primary) education in the professional development of teachers - Thesis Example â€Å"Professional development is an essential way for teachers to refine their strategies, methods, and understanding of their work† (Myers, 2011). In this paper, we will discuss the role that training and college/university education can play in the professional development of teachers. Training is critical for every professional person. For teachers, it is even more critical because it helps them manage classrooms as well as students effectively and efficiently. Training helps teachers learn new teaching and management skills. Professional development means being able to succeed and flourish in the professional environment. â€Å"Ongoing professional development keeps teachers up-to-date on new research on how children learn, emerging technology tools for the classroom, new curriculum resources, and more† (Anonymous, 2008). In the present world, teachers need to understand the changes in the learning needs of children. Today, teachers need to use technology to make learning easy for children. Training provides the opportunity to teachers to learn ways to make proper use of new teaching technologies. Training programs help teachers learn ways to stimulate students’ learning desire. â€Å"Great induction programs create opportunities for novice teachers to learn from best practices and analyze and reflect on their teaching† (Anonymous, 2008). Education and training are two ends continuum of professional development of a teacher. Education gives knowledge, whereas training makes a teacher make the best use of the acquired knowledge. Training makes a teacher perform his/her job roles in an appropriate manner. Training brings perfection in professional practices of a teacher. For example, a teacher knows how to teach his/her students but does not know the best way to deal with a class of students having different backgrounds. It is training, which makes a teacher able to deal

Litertature, Fiction Analysis Paper of Frank O'Connor's Guest of the Essay - 1

Litertature, Fiction Analysis Paper of Frank O'Connor's Guest of the Nation - Essay Example nsibility in â€Å"Guests of the Nation†, it is Stanley Renner’s belief that the protagonist Bonaparte is driven by an external destiny to carryout his actions. In a sense, he is not responsible for these actions because inadvertently these actions are not his own. I argue in opposition to this idea; I feel Bonaparte as well as the others a fully responsible in their decision to execute the British soldiers. To credit their actions to the sociology of the time, or a divine hidden power, is to make the killers out to be victims. Though this a very insightful irony, it does an injustice and devalues the British soldiers as characters. Renner’s argument is not without its valid points. He argues that the characters are driven by fate, and that the entire story itself is a critique of the relation between man’s own free will and cosmic intervention. He best supports this point with his interpretation of the character Bonaparte. When he and the other Irish soldiers are given orders to execute the British captives, who have been treated more like friendly guest, Renner points out that Bonaparte becomes indecisive and doubtful. To argue that Bonaparte is a character that relies on destiny to dictates his actions, Renner states, he merely drifts along as if helpless to defy the fates, ‘hoping that something would happen,’ that the Englishmen would ‘run for it’ or that ‘Noble would take over the responsibility from me,’ but doing nothing himself (25). Renner’s main argument revolves around Bonaparte’s willingness to adhere to divine dictation. It is Renn er’s view that if Bonaparte allows the forces driving his circumstances to drive him as well, and he practices no free will, then he is not responsible for his actions. Renner believes the feeling of jadedness Bonaparte endures is the result of his happy-go-lucky take on life. This is most likely in reference to the moment in the story right after Bonaparte has finished the execution, while